Dog training methods range broadly from those using mostly positive punishment and negative reinforcement (aversive-based) to those using primarily positive reinforcement (reward-based). Although aversive-based training has been strongly criticized for negatively affecting dog welfare, there is no comprehensive research focusing on companion dogs and mainstream techniques, and most studies rely on owner-reported assessment of training methods and dog behavior.
Meyer, I. and Ladewig, J. (2008). The relationship between number of training sessions per week and learning in dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 111, 311-320.
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Todd, Z. (2021). The factors involved in dogs’ fear of strangers and unfamiliar dogs. problem behavior recognition
Feuerbacher, E. N., Stone, C., & Friedel, J. E. (2022). Give the dog a big bone: Magnitude but not delivery method of food impacts preference and reinforcer efficacy in dogs. Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice, 22(1), 31–49. https://doi.org/10.1037/bar0000237
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