Quick Tips: Socialization and Early Exposure

Handouts

Puppies need appropriate socialization during the sensitive period (between 3-14 weeks of age). A well socialized puppy will grow into a friendly adult dog and socialization will prevent fear-related behavior problems. Socialize puppies to people who are unfamiliar to them. Introduce puppies to dogs who are healthy, vaccinated, and friendly/safe. While socializing, watch the pup’s body language and give them delicious treats.

Also provide pups with gentle exposure to sounds, sights, surfaces, and situations they will experience as adults. The goal during this time is that the puppy has a variety of social interactions and new experiences. The experiences should be positive, not neutral or bad.

Note: If the puppy is becoming more fearful or uncomfortable, consult your veterinarian or a behavior professional.

(Learn more: Puppy Socialization, Early Exposure for Puppies, Canine Body Language)

Take precautions to prevent the spread of disease. This includes sanitization of surfaces and objects, fresh clothing, and using shoe covers. Puppy illness can limit proper socialization, leading to decreased sociability in adulthood.

Steps for Socialization and Early Exposure

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Identify and gather treats the puppy enjoys. Let young pups lick baby food from a finger.
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Begin in the whelping area with the litter and dam. Expose the puppy to caretakers, as well as new surfaces and objects.

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Let the puppy explore and engage as they feel comfortable.
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Offer pups high value treats. You are building the association that new humans, objects, surfaces, and situations are good.
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Watch the pup’s behavior and body language for comfort.
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If the puppy is comfortable, you can slightly increase the duration or level of interaction. If you notice that the puppy is uncomfortable, go back to where they were comfortable.
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Keep the handling sessions short and positive. A few seconds or minutes may be appropriate. Watch the puppy’s willingness to continue the interaction!
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End sessions on a positive note unless safety or welfare inhibits this. Leave the puppy wanting more!
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Begin your next session one step behind where the pup was last successful.
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Expand socialization to new areas. Take the litter to a new space where they are relaxed and comfortable. Do this first with their mother, and then on their own.
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Incorporate new people, puppies, and dogs to your socialization plan. Provide visual access to other dogs if direct contact is not safe. Continue exposing puppies to new objects, surfaces, and situations.
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Use as many different locations for socialization and early exposure as possible.
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Topic(s): Bare Bones Basics, Breeder Resource, Socialization