Turcsan, B., Kubinyi, E., and Miklósi, A. (2011). Trainability and boldness traits differ between dog breed clusters based on conventional breed categories and genetic relatedness.
University of Prince Edward Island. (n.d.). How are defects inherited? How are defects inherited? | University of Prince Edward Island. Retrieved November 20, 2021, from https://cidd.discoveryspace.ca/how-are-defects-inherited.html.
“Boldness” in dogs is believed to be one end of the shy–bold axis, representing a super-trait. Several personality traits fall under the influence of this super-trait. Previous studies on boldness in dogs have found differences among breeds, but grouping breeds on the basis of behavioural similarities has been elusive.
Persson, M.E., Roth, L.S.V., Johnsson, M., Wright, D., and Jensen, P. (2015). Human-directed social behaviour in dogs shows significant heritability. genetics
Morrow, M., Ottobre, J., Ottobre, A., Neville, P., St-Pierre, N., Dreschel, N. and Pate, J.L. (2015). Breed-dependent differences in the onset of fear-related avoidance behavior in puppies. genetics
McGreevy PD, Georgevsky D, Carrasco J, Valenzuela M, Duffy DL, Serpell JA (2013) Dog Behavior Co-Varies with Height, Bodyweight and Skull Shape.