“Boldness” in dogs is believed to be one end of the shy–bold axis, representing a super-trait. Several personality traits fall under the influence of this super-trait. Previous studies on boldness in dogs have found differences among breeds, but grouping breeds on the basis of behavioural similarities has been elusive.
Persson, M.E., Roth, L.S.V., Johnsson, M., Wright, D., and Jensen, P. (2015). Human-directed social behaviour in dogs shows significant heritability. genetics
Morrow, M., Ottobre, J., Ottobre, A., Neville, P., St-Pierre, N., Dreschel, N. and Pate, J.L. (2015). Breed-dependent differences in the onset of fear-related avoidance behavior in puppies. genetics
McGreevy PD, Georgevsky D, Carrasco J, Valenzuela M, Duffy DL, Serpell JA (2013) Dog Behavior Co-Varies with Height, Bodyweight and Skull Shape.
MacLean, E.L., Snyder-Mackler, N., VonHoldt, B.M., and Serpell, J.A. (2019). Highly heritable and functionally relevant breed differences in dog behaviour.
Lenkei, R., Carreiro, C., Gácsi, M., and Pongrácz, P. (2021). The relationship between functional breed selection and attachment pattern in family dogs (Canis familiaris). genetics welfare inherited